hallo!!...., every body!!, back to me again!!...., heheh.... i have a special articles for indonesia people specificly...., include me....., oke..., so.... my countryu capital city is want to moved from jakarto to another place....., alright...., well see!!
Read more??... Lets read!!:
english:
Indonesia's capital want to move?
IN the beginning was the bottleneck. Then berkumpulah three experts were at one in the afternoon, at a restaurant in Jakarta, Thursday, July 29, 2010. They were so excited. Journalists are invited to come. On that day, worked on problems of traffic jam in Jakarta ready.
"The question of congestion is not just a technical matter of transportation," said Andrinof Chaniago. He's a public policy expert from the University of Indonesia. His voice was pessimistic. He, for example, can not believe the solution to add a long road, and also the highway. Mass Rapid Transit was considered useless.
For Andrinof, roots jam Jakarta simple: work piling up in the middle of town, but the workers stayed on the edge. Consequently in the daytime, the population swells in Jakarta. Density was just deflating at night.
The problem, in the middle of town, the house is expensive. Who can not afford to buy or lease, finally off to the side. They had stormed into the center of town, in the morning and afternoon. Here comes another question: Jakarta had no large-scale transport, and fast.
"Then comes the cost of poverty," said Tata Mustaya, co Andrinof. Tata is the master development management dropout University of Turin, Italy. Other experts are M Jehansyah Siregar, a lecturer in Bandung Institute of Technology. Jehansyah is a doctorate in the field of settlement of the University of Tokyo, Japan.
The three were joined in the Team Vision Indonesia in 2033.
The definition of Good is the poor pay higher prices. The middle to lower it should berjibaku against congestion. To get to the place of work, costs more. In contrast to the high school, who lived in the city.
Previously, on different occasions, Yayat Supriyatna, planolog from Trisakti University, said Jakarta was put up as capital, with a scale for now. "First, that it must be remembered, we have the Capital due to factors of history," said Yayat.
At the beginning of Jakarta is a city of trade. Then, due to the dynamics of political history, he had to accommodate large-scale government activity. So, what happens the function and role of the city was not clear.
In the era of Governor Ali Sadikin, Jakarta ever improved. Bang Ali established the Public Company PPD, as a public service agency transportation, land use and clean.
But, due to the paradigm of the centralized New Order development, improvement was also powerless to stem the population flow. Jakarta invaded newcomers. Burden of new it was decades later. The city is becoming stagnant, fresh water is less, and the flood when it rains.
"Ideally, the population is only 4 to 5 million people, half from now," said Yayat. Statistics legal residents of Jakarta last recorded more than 9.5 million people.
This is what reminded by Andrinof. A social bomb ready to explode in Jakarta 20 years. Increasingly sharp social inequality, high crime, declining health standards. Mental disorder increases.
"If there is no political decision to move the capital, we may face a social explosion in May 1998," said Andrinof. 1998 riots that toppled Suharto's New Order regime had imagined.
But, moving the Capital, who likes?
Other capitals
Name that building Tri Arga. That means three mountains. The yard stretches wide, nearly one hectare. There was a guard at the colonial-style buildings. "Bung Hatta had an office here," said mdaemon, guard the building.
Here's the Vice Presidential Palace building in Bukittinggi, West Sumatra. He is also known as the Palace of the Three Mountains, because it is located in the valley of Mount Sago, Merapi and Singgalang. The palace is the traces of history, how to move the capital of the republic due to the dynamics of revolution.
At that time, Indonesia has only three years of independence. Two proclaimer, Sukarno and Hatta, were arrested following a two Dutch military aggression. On December 22, 1948, Syafruddin Prawiranegara chairing the formation of the Emergency Government of the Republic of Indonesia in Bukittinggi.
But the government had no office in the palace. "A number of Dutch-controlled city," said Gusti Asnan, Andalas University historian. Republican fighters gathered in many places, such as Nature Bidar (South Solok), and High Koto (Payakumbuh).
Syafruddin move, after the Dutch captured the Soekarno-Hatta airport in Yogyakarta, on December 19, 1948. During the two years based in Soekarno-Hatta Airport in Yogyakarta. You see, politics in Jakarta more heat after the proclamation of independence.
Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX is a role reversed hijrahnya State Capital from Jakarta to Yogyakarta. "The Sultan of Yogyakarta states joined with the Republic of Indonesia," said Suhartono, Gadjah Mada University historian. In Jakarta, heavy fighting broke out between the fighters against the Dutch republics and allies.
In Yogya, the government based in the Great House. "During the three years made the capital of Yogyakarta," said Suhartono. In the city it was, General Sudirman was sworn in as Commander in Chief of TNI on June 3, 1947. A month later he became Shoot Armed Forces of the Republic of Indonesia.
From Yogya, a combination of diplomacy and military tactics waged. Netherlands and sent General Spoor, who stormed Yogyakarta on December 19, 1948 the second aggression. That's when leaders of the republic, Sukarno and Hatta were arrested. They dumped the Dutch out of the island of Java, to be precise to Brastagi and Bangka.
The war ceased on July 6, 1949. Indonesia won by way of diplomacy. Returned to the capital Jakarta.
As the capital of Palangkaraya
But, the status of Jakarta as the capital of a rocking time in 1957. We inaugurated the construction of Palangkaraya, President Soekarno moved to reveal the plan capital city. Palangkaraya is the new city. He opened with a forest clearing on the riverside Kahayan, Central Kalimantan.
Bung Karno reason to move the capital of Palangkaraya simple. "Areas that are in the middle, so not far from the islands included in the Homeland," said Suhartono.
How are you Palangkaraya now? Governor of Central Kalimantan, Teras Narang, states had always been ready to become the capital of Palangkaraya. Palangkaraya even been designed to become the capital city.
"In Palangkaraya, there is a big roundabout leading to the eight directions, leading to the eight major islands in Indonesia," said Teras Narang. This means, says Terrace, the city is located in the middle of Indonesia.
As the capital, Palangkaraya geologically safe. Earthquake threat is minimal. Cities such as Jakarta was not near an earthquake fault. It is also the largest city in Indonesia with 2678 square kilometers. Land area of DKI Jakarta is only 661.52 square kilometers, or a quarter of Palangkaraya.
Later, the idea of moving the capital to re-sticking Palangkaraya. Parliament, which is authorized to revise the capital Act, no opinion. Chairman of Commission II of DPR in charge of government, Chairuman Harahap, agreed to transfer to Palangkaraya. Marzuki Alie House Speaker and the Deputy Chairman of Commission II Ganjar Pranowo match.
Different, Vice Chairman of Commission II Teguh Juwarno. Teguh said the candidate is the best capital city of South Kalimantan. According to the National Mandate Party politician, South Kalimantan better prepared in infrastructure.
While Andrinof Chaniago, instead pointing East. According to him, a new city to the capital must be built between East Kalimantan and South Kalimantan. "That is the most central," he said.
Andrinof proposed new Capital City occupies land that is completely empty, so to minimize the cost of eviction, and the level of social resistance. That way, the government is free to develop a new city that is ready as the Capital.
But a politician in Commission II, a Muslim, proposed to go back to the discourse in the Soeharto era. First, prepare Jonggol Suharto in Bogor, as the government center.
"Because Jonggol still relatively close (with Jakarta) to reduce costs on the capital transfer, the infrastructure is there, and the land has been released there so vast," said Democratic politicians.
According to him, unfortunately when Jonggol land acquisition that has been done in the Soeharto era, now just wasted. It would be nice, said the Muslims, when the land is built into the seat of government.
The capital cost of building
But, what is the cost of moving the capital? Former Vice President Jusuf Kalla had not agreed to transfer the capital. According to him, it was not an easy matter. "It takes how much funding? It took how many offices? His office's easily made, but hard to make a house, "Kalla said.
According to Jusuf Kalla, the problems of Jakarta as the Capital only on congestion. Expenses as a center of government, Kalla said, has decreased in the era of regional autonomy. "So the role of the department was not that great yet," he said.
Precisely because of that jam, Andrinof assess the capital should move. Losses due to already severe traffic congestion in Jakarta. "At least Rp17 trillion per year," said Andrinof.
But, if moving the capital, how much does it cost? Andrinof and his friends never arrange transfer of the capital cost of paperwork. Minimum numbers are building a new capital of Rp100 trillion, with annual running programs calculation.
If the new town Development that took 10 years, then "We set aside Rp10 trillion national budget to build every year," said Andrinof. Figures Rp10 trillion per year, said Andrinof, smaller than the estimated losses every year due to traffic jam in Jakarta.
This new city, Andrinof said, should be able to contain at least one million inhabitants. "There are 400 thousand civil servants, and the rest of the family and private sectors," he said. Of course the city should have a complete facility. Road network, drainage, electricity, telephone, international airports, and office buildings. Also the palace for the president and vice.
How to build it also can be saved. After all, not all agencies of state or government must move to a new capital city. For example, the word Andrinof, Bank Indonesia maintained in Jakarta. Headquarters of the Indonesian National Army, for example, could have stayed in Jakarta. "Only the government deciding what is moving, and what not," he said.
Siregar Jehansyah settlements expert, says this new city to be built by the state agency equivalent to the Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Agency (BRR) Aceh-Nias. These agencies conduct planning and supervise the implementation of the development.
"Now it's just the political will of the President. Want or do not do it, "said the lecturer at the School of Architecture, Planning, and Development Policy Bandung Institute of Technology.
Indonesia:
Ibukota indonesia mau pindah??
PADA awalnya adalah kemacetan. Lalu berkumpulah tiga ahli itu pada satu siang, di sebuah restoran di Jakarta, Kamis 29 Juli 2010. Mereka begitu bersemangat. Wartawan diundang datang. Pada hari itu, problem macet Jakarta siap dikulik.
“Soal kemacetan bukan cuma soal teknis transportasi,” ujar Andrinof Chaniago. Dia pakar kebijakan publik dari Universitas Indonesia. Suaranya pesimis. Dia, misalnya, tak percaya solusi menambah panjang jalan, dan juga jalan tol. Mass Rapid Transit pun dianggapnya percuma.
Bagi Andrinof, akar macetnya Jakarta sederhana: pekerjaan bertumpuk di tengah kota, tapi para pekerja tinggal di tepi. Akibatnya pada siang hari, populasi di Jakarta membengkak. Kepadatan itu baru mengempis pada malam hari.
Masalahnya, di tengah kota, rumah mahal. Yang tak sanggup beli atau sewa, akhirnya menyingkir ke pinggir. Mereka baru menyerbu ke tengah kota, pada pagi dan siang hari. Di sini muncul soal lain: Jakarta tak punya alat angkut berskala besar, dan cepat.
“Lalu muncul cost of poverty,” ujar Tata Mustaya, rekan Andrinof. Tata adalah master manajemen pembangunan jebolan Universitas Turin, Italia. Pakar lainnya adalah M Jehansyah Siregar, dosen Institut Teknologi Bandung. Jehansyah adalah doktor di bidang pemukiman dari Universitas Tokyo, Jepang.
Mereka bertiga tergabung dalam Tim Visi Indonesia 2033.
Yang dimaksud Tata adalah orang miskin membayar lebih mahal. Kaum menengah ke bawah itu harus berjibaku melawan kemacetan. Untuk sampai ke tempat kerja, ongkos lebih banyak. Berbeda dengan kaum menengah atas, yang tinggal di tengah kota.
Sebelumnya, pada kesempatan berbeda, Yayat Supriyatna, planolog dari Universitas Trisakti, mengatakan Jakarta tak disiapkan sebagai Ibukota, dengan skala sebesar sekarang. "Pertama, yang harus diingat, kita punya Ibukota karena faktor sejarah," kata Yayat.
Pada awalnya Jakarta adalah kota dagang. Lalu, akibat dinamika sejarah politik, dia harus menampung aktivitas pemerintahan berskala besar. Lantas, yang terjadi fungsi dan peran kota itu menjadi tak jelas.
Pada era Gubernur Ali Sadikin, Jakarta pernah dibenahi. Bang Ali membentuk Perusahaan Umum PPD, sebagai badan layanan umum transportasi, dan membereskan tata guna lahan.
Tapi, akibat paradigma pembangunan Orde Baru yang sentralistis, pembenahan itu pun tak kuasa membendung arus penduduk. Jakarta diserbu pendatang baru. Beban itu baru terasa dekade belakangan. Kota ini kian macet, air bersih kurang, dan banjir kalau hujan.
"Idealnya, penduduknya hanya 4 sampai 5 juta jiwa, setengah dari sekarang," kata Yayat. Statistik terakhir mencatat penduduk resmi Jakarta lebih dari 9,5 juta jiwa.
Inilah yang diingatkan oleh Andrinof. Satu bom sosial siap meledak di Jakarta 20 tahun lagi. Kesenjangan sosial kian tajam, kriminalitas tinggi, taraf kesehatan menurun. Gangguan jiwa meningkat.
"Kalau tak ada keputusan politik untuk pindah Ibukota, kita mungkin menghadapi ledakan sosial seperti Mei 1998," kata Andrinof. Huru-hara 1998 yang menumbangkan rezim orde baru Suharto itu pun terbayang.
Tapi, pindah Ibukota, siapa suka?
Ibukota yang Lain
Nama gedung itu Tri Arga. Artinya tiga gunung. Pekarangannya membentang luas, hampir satu hektare. Ada seorang penjaga di bangunan bergaya kolonial itu. “Bung Hatta pernah berkantor di sini,” ujar Syafril, penjaga gedung itu.
Inilah gedung Istana Wakil Presiden di Bukittinggi, Sumatera Barat. Dia dikenal juga Istana Tiga Gunung, karena berada di lembah Gunung Sago, Merapi dan Singgalang. Istana itu adalah jejak sejarah, bagaimana Ibukota republik berpindah akibat dinamika revolusi.
Kala itu, Indonesia baru tiga tahun merdeka. Dua proklamator, Soekarno dan Hatta, ditahan menyusul agresi militer kedua Belanda. Pada 22 Desember 1948, Syafruddin Prawiranegara memimpin rapat pembentukan Pemerintahan Darurat Republik Indonesia di Bukittinggi.
Tapi pemerintahan itu tak berkantor di di istana itu. ”Sejumlah kota dikuasai Belanda,” kata Gusti Asnan, sejarawan Universitas Andalas. Para pejuang republik berkumpul di banyak tempat, seperti Bidar Alam (Solok Selatan), dan Koto Tinggi (Payakumbuh).
Syafruddin bergerak, setelah Soekarno-Hatta ditangkap Belanda di Yogyakarta, pada 19 Desember 1948. Selama dua tahun lebih Soekarno-Hatta berkantor di Yogyakarta. Soalnya, politik di Jakarta kian panas setelah proklamasi kemerdekaan.
Adalah Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX berperan dibalik hijrahnya Ibukota Negara dari Jakarta ke Yogyakarta. “Sri Sultan menyatakan Yogyakarta bergabung dengan Republik Indonesia,” kata Suhartono, sejarawan Universitas Gadjah Mada. Di Jakarta, pertempuran sengit pecah antara pejuang republik melawan Belanda dan sekutu.
Di Yogya, pemerintahan berpusat di Gedung Agung. “Selama 3 tahun Yogyakarta dijadikan Ibukota,” ujar Suhartono. Di kota itu lah, Jenderal Soedirman dilantik sebagai Panglima Besar TNI pada 3 Juni 1947. Sebulan kemudian dia menjadi Pucuk Pimpinan Angkatan Perang Republik Indonesia.
Dari Yogya, kombinasi taktik diplomasi dan militer dilancarkan. Belanda lalu mengirimkan Jenderal Spoor, yang menyerbu Yogyakarta pada agresi kedua 19 Desember 1948. Itulah saat para pemimpin republik, Soekarno dan Hatta ditangkap. Mereka dibuang Belanda ke luar Pulau Jawa, tepatnya ke Brastagi dan Bangka.
Perang baru berhenti pada 6 Juli 1949. Indonesia menang lewat jalan diplomasi. Jakarta pun kembali menjadi Ibukota.
Palangka Raya sebagai Ibukota
Tapi, status Jakarta sebagai Ibukota sempat goyang pada 1957. Saat meresmikan pembangunan Kota Palangka Raya, Presiden Soekarno mengungkapkan rencana Ibukota dipindahkan ke kota itu. Palangka Raya adalah kota baru. Dia dibuka dengan membabat hutan di pinggir sungai Kahayan, Kalimantan Tengah.
Alasan Bung Karno memindahkan ibu kota ke Palangka Raya sederhana. “Daerah itu berada di tengah-tengah, sehingga tidak jauh dari pulau-pulau yang masuk dalam NKRI,” ujar Suhartono.
Apa kabar Palangka Raya sekarang? Gubernur Kalimantan Tengah, Teras Narang, menyatakan sejak dulu Palangka Raya siap menjadi Ibukota. Palangka Raya bahkan sudah didesain untuk menjadi Ibukota.
"Di Palangka Raya, ada bundaran besar mengarah ke delapan penjuru, mengarah ke delapan pulau besar di Indonesia," kata Teras Narang. Artinya, kata Teras, kota itu terletak di tengah-tengah Indonesia.
Sebagai Ibukota, Palangka Raya aman secara geologi. Ancaman gempa bumi minim. Kota itu tak seperti Jakarta yang berada di dekat patahan gempa. Kota itu juga terluas di Indonesia dengan 2.678 kilometer persegi. Luas daratan Provinsi DKI Jakarta hanya 661,52 km persegi, atau seperempat Palangka Raya.
Belakangan, gagasan pindah Ibukota ke Palangka Raya kembali mencuat. Parlemen, yang berwenang merevisi Undang-undang Ibukota, tak satu pendapat. Ketua Komisi II DPR yang membidangi pemerintahan, Chairuman Harahap, setuju pemindahan ke Palangka Raya. Ketua DPR Marzuki Alie dan Wakil Ketua Komisi II Ganjar Pranowo senada.
Yang berbeda, Wakil Ketua Komisi II Teguh Juwarno. Teguh mengatakan calon Ibukota sebaiknya adalah Kalimantan Selatan. Menurut politisi Partai Amanat Nasional itu, Kalimantan Selatan lebih siap secara infrastruktur.
Sedangkan Andrinof Chaniago, justru menunjuk Kalimantan Timur. Menurutnya, sebuah kota baru untuk Ibukota harus dibangun di antara Kalimantan Timur dan Kalimantan Selatan. “Itulah yang paling tengah,” katanya.
Andrinof mengusulkan, Ibukota baru menempati lahan yang sama sekali kosong sehingga meminimalisir biaya penggusuran, dan tingkat resistensi sosial. Dengan begitu, pemerintah leluasa mengembangkan kota baru yang siap sebagai Ibukota.
Namun seorang politisi di Komisi II, Muslim, mengusulkan sebaiknya kembali ke wacana di masa pemerintahan Soeharto. Dulu, Soeharto menyiapkan Jonggol, Bogor, sebagai pusat pemerintahan.
"Karena Jonggol masih relatif dekat (dengan Jakarta) sehingga dapat menghemat biaya pemindahan Ibukota, infrastrukturnya ada, dan lahan yang sudah dibebaskan di sana begitu luas," kata politisi Demokrat itu.
Menurutnya, sayang bila pembebasan lahan Jonggol yang telah dilakukan di zaman Soeharto, kini disia-siakan begitu saja. Alangkah baiknya, kata Muslim, bila lahan tersebut dibangun menjadi pusat pemerintahan.
Biaya membangun Ibukota
Tapi, berapa ongkos pindah ibukota? Mantan Wakil Presiden Jusuf Kalla sama sekali tak setuju pemindahan Ibukota. Menurutnya, itu bukan perkara mudah. “Butuh dana berapa? Butuh berapa kantor? Kantornya sih mudah dibikin, tapi yang susah bikin rumah,” kata Jusuf Kalla.
Menurut Jusuf Kalla, masalah Jakarta sebagai Ibukota hanya pada kemacetan. Beban sebagai pusat pemerintahan, kata Kalla, sudah berkurang di era otonomi daerah. “Jadi peranan departemen sudah tidak sehebat dulu,” katanya.
Justru karena kemacetan itulah, Andrinof menilai Ibukota harus pindah. Kerugian akibat kemacetan di Jakarta sudah parah. “Minimal Rp17 triliun per tahun,” ujar Andrinof.
Tapi, kalau pindah Ibukota, berapa ongkosnya? Andrinof dan teman-temannya pernah menyusun kertas kerja biaya pemindahan Ibukota. Angka minimum membangun sebuah Ibukota baru adalah Rp100 triliun, dengan perhitungan program berjalan tahunan.
Jika pembanguan kota baru itu butuh waktu 10 tahun, maka " Kita menyisihkan APBN Rp10 triliun untuk membangun tiap tahun," kata Andrinof. Angka Rp10 triliun per tahun itu, kata Andrinof, lebih kecil dari estimasi kerugian Jakarta setiap tahunnya akibat macet.
Kota baru ini, kata Andrinof, harus bisa memuat minimal satu juta penduduk. "Ada 400 ribu pegawai negeri sipil, dan sisanya keluarga dan kalangan swasta," ujarnya. Tentu kota itu harus punya fasilitas lengkap. Jaringan jalan, drainase, listrik, telepon, bandara internasional, dan perkantoran. Juga istana bagi presiden dan wakil.
Cara membangunnya juga bisa dihemat. Toh tak semua lembaga negara atau pemerintahan harus pindah ke Ibukota baru. Misalnya, kata Andrinof, Bank Indonesia tetap dipertahankan di Jakarta. Markas Tentara Nasional Indonesia, misalkan, bisa saja tetap di Jakarta. " Tinggal pemerintah menentukan mana yang pindah, dan yang tidak," ujarnya.
Pakar pemukiman Jehansyah Siregar, menyebutkan kota baru ini harus dibangun oleh badan negara setara Badan Rehabilitasi dan Rekonstruksi (BRR) Aceh-Nias. Badan inilah melakukan perencanaan, dan mengawasi pelaksanaan pembangunan.
“Sekarang tinggal kemauan politik Presiden. Mau atau tidak melakukannya,” kata pengajar di Sekolah Arsitektur, Perencanaan, dan Pengembangan Kebijakan Institut Teknologi Bandung itu.
gimana gan??... setuju atau nggak??
sofézi
